The territory of modern Serbia was an important part of the Roman Empire. Major cities such as Singidunum and Naissus were located here, and Emperor Constantine the Great was born in this land.
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Long before the Slavs arrived in the Balkans, the territory of modern Serbia was an important province of the Roman Empire. The Romans came to these lands in the 2nd–1st centuries BC, conquering the Celtic and Illyrian tribes that inhabited the region. The new provinces — Moesia and Pannonia — became a strategic frontier of the empire along the Danube, defending it against barbarian invasions from the north.
Roman rule lasted for more than five centuries and left an indelible mark on this land. Roads, bridges, fortresses, thermal baths, aqueducts — traces of Roman presence can be found throughout Serbia today.
On the site of modern Belgrade, the Romans founded the city of Singidunum. The fortress at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers — where stands today — was a key outpost on the empire's frontier. It was here that the Legio IV Flavia Felix was stationed, one of the most battle-ready units of the Roman army.
Singidunum was a typical Roman city with a forum, thermal baths, temples, and residential quarters. Remnants of Roman fortifications can still be seen in the foundations of the fortress walls. The city held great commercial significance due to its location at the intersection of river and land routes.
The city of Naissus, modern-day , was one of the largest and wealthiest cities on the Roman Balkans. But its greatest fame is connected to one man — Emperor Constantine the Great (272–337 AD), who was born here.
Constantine is one of the most important figures in world history. In 313 AD, he issued the Edict of Milan, which ended the persecution of Christians and guaranteed freedom of religion in the Roman Empire. This decision changed the course of all European civilization. Constantine also founded Constantinople (modern Istanbul) — the new capital of the empire.
In , the ruins of Mediana are preserved — a luxurious imperial residence with mosaic floors, thermal baths, and villas. This place, where Roman emperors rested and made decisions, can be visited today. Mediana is one of the most significant archaeological sites from the late Roman period in the Balkans.
Few people know that the territory of modern Serbia gave Rome 18 emperors — more than Rome itself! Besides Constantine, they included:
This fact testifies to the importance of the Balkan provinces for the Roman Empire. Military camps were located here, where future rulers were forged, and it was from here that they rose to the heights of power.
Roman heritage is felt everywhere in Serbia. In addition to Mediana in and the fortress in Belgrade, visitors can explore:
The Roman period laid the foundation for urban culture on the territory of Serbia. Many modern Serbian cities stand on the foundations of Roman settlements. Understanding this period helps one appreciate how deep the historical roots of this land run, and why Serbia rightfully considers itself an heir to a great European civilization.
The Vinča culture (5700–4500 BC) was one of the most advanced Neolithic civilizations in Europe, discovered on the territory of modern Serbia near Belgrade.
ContemporaryThe October 2000 revolution — mass protests that toppled the regime of Slobodan Milosevic and opened Serbia's path to democracy.
Modern EraThe heroic struggle of small Serbia in World War I: from brilliant victories to the tragic retreat through Albania, and the ultimate triumph in 1918.